Scandinavian area s

tudies. The history, society, politics, culture, and economics of Northern Europe and the Baltic, including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

School psychology. Prepares individuals to apply principles of clinical and counseling psychology to the diagnosis and treatment of student behavioral problems. Includes instruction in child and/or adolescent development; learning theory; testing, observation, and other procedures for assessing educational, personality, and motor skill development; therapeutic intervention strategies; and school psychological services planning.

Science education. Prepares individuals to teach general science programs, or a combination of biology and physical science, at various education levels.

Science technologies. Programs that prepare individuals to apply scientific principles and technical skills in support of scientific research and development.

Science, technology and society. Covers the social and public policy ramifications of science and technology, the relationship of science and engineering to public policy, and the social and ethical dimensions of scientific and technological enterprises.

Sculpture. Prepares individuals to create three-dimensional artworks. Includes instruction in the analysis of form in space; round and relief concepts; composition; such media as clay, plaster, wood, stone, and metal; and such techniques as carving, welding, and casting.

Secondary education. Prepares individuals to teach students in the secondary grades, which may include grades 7 through 12, depending on the school system or state regulations. Includes training to teach a comprehensive curriculum and/or specific subject matter.

Security and loss prevention. Prepares individuals to perform routine inspection, patrol, and crime prevention services for private clients. Includes instruction in the provision of personal protection as well as property security.

Sign language interpretation. Prepares individuals to interpret oral speech for the hearing impaired. Includes instruction in American Sign Language or other deaf languages, finger spelling, orientation to deaf culture, and interpreting from signing to voice as well as from voice to signing.

Slavic languages other than Russian. Study of Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Czech, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Old Slavonic, or Ukrainian, or another Slavic language.

Social and philosophical foundations of education. The systematic study of education as a social and cultural institution and the educational process as an object of humanistic inquiry. Includes instruction in such subjects as the philosophy, history, and sociology of education; the economics and politics of education; and educational policy studies.

Social psychology. The scientific study of individual behavior in group contexts, and of group behavior and associated phenomena. Includes instruction in learning theory, group theory and dynamics, sex roles, attitude formation, and criminal behavior and other social pathologies.

Social science education. Prepares individuals to teach specific social science subjects and programs at various education levels.

Social sciences. The study of human social behavior and institutions. Students use many methodologies, including scientific method, to analyze complex behavioral patterns in a search for the underlying forces that determine how that behavior will become manifest. A major in the social sciences may blend study of several specific social sciences, such as economics and anthropology.

Social studies education. Prepares individuals to teach general social studies programs at various education levels.

Social work. Prepares individuals for social welfare administration and counseling, including the study of organized means of providing basic support services for vulnerable individuals and groups. Covers social welfare policy; casework planning; social counseling and intervention strategies; and administrative procedures and regulations.

Sociology. The systematic study of social institutions and relationships. Includes instruction in social theory, sociological research methods, social organization and structure, social stratification, dynamics of social change, family structure, and deviance and control.

Software engineering. Prepares individuals to apply mathematical and scientific principles to the design, implementation, validation, and management of computer software for mainframe and personal computers. Includes instruction in programming methodology; procedural, data, and control abstraction; and specifications, design methods, and testing.

Soil sciences. The scientific classification and study of soils and soil properties. Includes instruction in soil chemistry, physics, biology, fertility, morphogenesis, mineralogy and hydrology, and conservation and management.

Solid-state and low-temperature physics. The scientific study of solids and related states of matter at low energy levels, including liquids and dense gases. Includes instruction in statistical mechanics, quantum theory, low-temperature phenomena, electron theory of metals, magnetism and superconductivity, equilibria and dynamics of liquids, and quantitative modeling.

South Asian languages. The study of the languages, literatures, and cultures of peoples of South Asia, including such languages as Hindu, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, and the Dravidian group, and ancestral languages, such as Sanskrit, Pali, and Bactrian.

South Asian studies. The history, society, politics, culture, and economics of the peoples of the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldive Islands.

Southeast Asian studies. The history, society, politics, cultures and economics of the Southeast Asian Peninsula and the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagoes, including Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Spanish. The study of the language, literature, and culture of Spanish-speaking peoples, including related or derived dialects and languages, such as Catalan, Castilian, and various. Latin American dialects.

Spanish language teacher education. Prepares individuals to teach Spanish language at various education levels.

Special education. The design and provision of teaching and other educational services to children or adults with special learning needs or disabilities. Includes instruction in diagnosing learning disabilities, developing individual education plans, teaching and supervising special education students, special education counseling, and applicable laws and policies.

Speech and rhetorical studies. The study of interpersonal communication from the scientific/behavioral and humanistic perspectives. Includes instruction in the theory and physiology of speech, the structure and analysis of argument and other types of public speech, the social role of speech, oral interpretation of literature, and the relation of speech to nonverbal and other forms of message exchange.

Speech/communication/theater education. Prepares individuals to teach speech, communication, and theater at various education levels.

Speech/language pathology. Prepares individuals to provide therapeutic care to persons with physical or behavioral disorders that affect speaking or comprehension. Includes instruction in identifying and assessing speech and language disorders; structure and development of aphasia; psychosocial and educational effects of speech/language disorders; and the planning and management of patient therapy.

Speech-language pathology and audiology. Preparing individuals to provide therapeutic care to persons with hearing and related communication disorders. Includes instruction in the principles of audiology, the structure and development of hearing and communications disorders, the identification and assessment of speech disorders and hearing loss, psychosocial and educational effects of speech and hearing disorders, an( the planning and management of patient therapy.

Speech teacher education. Prepares individuals to teach speech and language arts at various education levels.

Sport and fitness administration. Prepares individuals to apply business, coaching, and physical education principle! to the organization, administration, and management of athletic programs and teams, fitness/rehabilitation facilities, and sport recreation services. Includes instruction in program planning and development; business and financial management sales, marketing, and recruitment; and applicable health and safety standards.

Stationary energy sources mechanics. Prepares individuals to install, operate, and maintain large power sources for such purposes as generating electricity, pumping, and heating.

Statistics. The mathematical theory and proofs forming the basis of probability and inference, and their applications to the collection, analysis, and description of data. Include instruction in statistical theory, experimental analysis, sampling techniques, and survey research.

Studio arts. Prepares individuals to function as creative artists. Includes instruction in traditional fine arts (drawing, painting, sculpture, painting) and modem media (ceramics, textiles, intermedia, photography).

Surgical/operating room technology. Prepares individuals to perform general technical support tasks in the operating room before, during, and after surgery. Includes instruction in preoperation patient and surgical team preparation, handling surgical instruments, supply inventory maintenance, sterilization and cleaning of equipment, and operating room safety procedures.

Surveying. Prepares individuals to apply mathematics and scientific principles to the delineation, determination, planning, and positioning of land tracts, land and water boundaries, land contours and features; and preparation of related maps, charts, and reports. Includes instruction in applied geodesy (determining the size and shape of the earth and position of exact points on its surface), computer graphics, photointerpretation, plane and geodetic surveying, measuring, traversing, survey equipment operation and maintenance, instrument calibration, and basic cartography.

Systems engineering. Prepares individuals to apply mathematical and scientific principles to the design, development, and operational evaluation of total systems solutions to a wide variety of engineering problems, including the integration of human, physical, energy, communications, management, and information requirements, and the application of analytical methods to specific situations.

Systems science and theory. A multidisciplinary approach to the analysis and solution of complex problems using data and models from the natural, social, technological, behavioral, and life sciences.